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Western equipment can be divided into two categories: tack and supplies. The items that the horse wears are called tack and the things used to take care of the horse are supplies.
First we will start with the tack. The most essential piece of tack is the halter because this is what you will use to catch your horse, and keep him caught. A lead rope is needed to lead and tie the horse. The next thing you will need is a bridle. There are many types of bridles. First of all the bridle will need a bit. If your horse is green or needs further schooling you may want to use a snaffle bit which allows direct pressure to the tongue and mouth. This bit allows you to direct rein. You can also use a curb bit. These bits use leverage to control the horse. When the reins are pulled, not only is the bit putting pressure on the corners of the mouth, but the curve of the bit puts pressure on the tongue, the chain under the chin is tightened and there is pressure at the poll from the headstall. This is why light hands are very important. With a curb bit you will neck rein so that there is very little contact with the horse's mouth.
Besides the bit the bridle also includes the crown, which goes behind the horses ears, the cheek piece and either a browband or slit where one ear fits through. The reins are considered separate from the bridle and can either be a closed rein or split reins. Split reins are two separate reins that hang down when you hold the bridle.
The other major piece of tack is the saddle. There are many types of western saddles, which include pleasure, ranch, roping, cutting, reining, barrel racing, show and equitation. Each saddle is a little different with a little different purpose, but if you are just trail riding or riding for fun the pleasure saddle is your best bet.
Some other tack that can be useful, but is not necessary are the leg wear. You can use wraps to give the legs extra strength. Boots are a sturdier version and can also be used to protect the legs from being hit by objects or themselves. Bell boots protect the hooves and coronary bands. Tie downs are also considered tack, but they are a training aid used to teach the horse to hold its head down. Talk to someone who can explain the proper way to use this equipment before you do, because they can hurt the horse if used improperly.
There are many supplies needed for the western horse. One of the most important things that you will need is the hoof pick. This is used to take out any rocks and dirt that may accumulate in the hooves. Brushes are also essential to keep the hair clean. A basic dandy brush is fine although there are several other types that are varying degrees of softness. Don’t bother with a comb, because it will do your horses mane and tail more damage then good. Instead spray on a little detangler and use your fingers to take out any knots.
There are other things you may want for your horse. A towel will remove all final dust after you groom. A hoof file will allow you to stop chips from becoming larger. A bucket is good for carrying supplies and using for water and grain. You will need something to hold water at all times and something to put your feed in or on.
With this basic equipment you will be well set for having many adventures with your horse.
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